từ vựng Academic IELTS Writing Task 1 (part 1)

Summary (optional).

1. Đối với một biểu đồ đơn, sử dụng 's' sau động từ, like - cho dữ liệu về, hiển thị / trình bày, v.v. Tuy nhiên, nếu có nhiều biểu đồ, KHÔNG sử dụng 's' sau động từ.

2. Nếu có nhiều biểu đồ và mỗi biểu đồ trình bày một loại dữ liệu khác nhau, bạn có thể viết biểu đồ nào trình bày loại dữ liệu nào và sử dụng 'while' để hiển thị kết nối. Ví dụ - 'Biểu đồ thanh đã cho hiển thị số tiền chi tiêu cho các mặt hàng thức ăn nhanh trong năm 2009 ở Vương quốc Anh trong khi biểu đồ hình tròn trình bày so sánh độ tuổi của những người đã chi tiêu nhiều hơn cho thức ăn nhanh.

3. Phần giới thiệu của bạn phải khá ấn tượng vì nó tạo ấn tượng đầu tiên cho giám khảo. Nó tạo ra hoặc phá vỡ điểm số tổng thể của bạn.

4. Đối với nhiều biểu đồ và / hoặc (các) bảng, bạn có thể viết kết hợp những gì chúng trình bày thay vì nói mỗi biểu đồ mô tả cái nào. Ví dụ: "Hai biểu đồ hình tròn và biểu đồ cột được kết hợp mô tả bức tranh về tội phạm ở Úc từ năm 2005 đến năm 2015 và tỷ lệ phần trăm trẻ em phạm tội trong giai đoạn này."

Thận trọng:

Không bao giờ sao chép từng từ từ câu hỏi. Nếu bạn làm vậy, bạn sẽ bị phạt. luôn diễn giải phần giới thiệu bằng từ ngữ của riêng bạn.

Phần Tuyên bố Chung:

Tuyên bố chung là (hoặc hai) câu đầu tiên bạn viết trong báo cáo của mình. Nó luôn phải đối phó với:

Cái gì + Ở đâu + Khi nào.

Ví dụ: Biểu đồ trình bày thông tin về tỷ lệ phần trăm giáo viên bày tỏ quan điểm của họ về những vấn đề khác nhau mà họ gặp phải khi đối phó với trẻ em ở ba trường học ở Úc từ năm 2001 đến 2005.

What = phần trăm giáo viên ...

Where = ba trường học ở Úc ...

Khi nào = từ năm 2001 đến năm 2005 ...

Một tuyên bố chung tốt nên luôn có những phần này.

Vocabulary for the General Trend Part:

1. In general...
2. In common...
3. Generally speaking...
4. Overall...
5. It is obvious...
6. As it is observed...
7. As a general trend...
8. As can be seen...
9. As an overall trend/ As overall trend...
10. As it is presented...
11. It can be clearly seen that...
12. At the first glance...
13. It is clear,
14. At the onset...
15. It is clear that...
16. A glance at the graph(s) reveals that...

Example:

1.  In general, the employment opportunities increased till 1970 and then declined throughout the next decade.

2.  As it is observed, the figures for imprisonment in the five mentioned countries show no overall pattern, rather shows the considerable fluctuations from country to country.

3.  Generally speaking, citizens in the USA had a far better life standard than that of the remaining countries. 

4.  As can be seen, the highest number of passengers used the London Underground station at 8:00 in the morning and at 6:00 in the evening.

4.  Generally speaking, more men were engaged in managerial positions in 1987 than that of women in New York this year.

5.  As an overall trend, the number of crimes reported increased fairly rapidly until the mid-seventies, remained constant for five years and finally, dropped to 20 cases a week after 1982.

6.  At a first glance, it is clear that more percentages of native university pupils violated regulations and rules than the foreign students did during this period.

7.  At the onset, it is clear that drinking in public and drink-driving were the most common reasons for US citizens to be arrested in 2014.

8.  Overall, the leisure hours enjoyed by males, regardless of their employment status, was much higher than that of women.

The structure of the IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 (Report Writing):

Introduction:

Introduction (never copy word for word from the question) + Overview/ General trend (what the diagrams indicate at a first glance).

Reporting Details:

Main features in the Details
+ Comparison and Contrast of the data. (Do not give all the figures.)
+ Most striking features of the graph.

Conclusion:

Conclusion (General statement + Implications, significant comments)
[The conclusion part is optional.]

Tips:
1. Write the introduction and General trend in the same paragraph. Some students prefer to write the 'General Trend' in a separate paragraph and many teachers suggest both to be written in a single paragraph. Unless you have a really good reason to write the general trend in the second paragraph, try to write them both in the first paragraph. However, this is just a suggestion, not a requirement.

2. Your 'Introduction (general statement + overall trend/ general trend) should have 75 - 80 words.

3. DO NOT give numbers, percentages or quantity in your general trend. Rather give the most striking feature of the graph that could be easily understood at a glance. Thus it is suggested to AVOID -

"A glance at the graphs reveals that 70% of the male were employed in 2001 while 40 thousand women in this year had jobs."

And use a format /comparison like the following:

"A glance at the graphs reveals that more men were employed than their female counterparts in 2001 and almost two-third of females were jobless in the same year. "

 Vocabulary to Start the Report Body:

Just after you finish writing your 'Introduction' (i.e. General Statement + General overview/ trend), you are expected to start a new paragraph to describe the main features of the diagrams. This second paragraph is called the 'Body Paragraph / Report Body". You can have a single body paragraph/ report body or up to 3, (not more than 3 in any case) depending on the number of graphs provided in the question and the type of these graphs. There are certain phrases you can use to start your body paragraph and the following is a list of such phrases ---

1. As it is presented in the diagram(s)/ graph(s)/ pie chart(s)/ table...
2. As (it is) shown in the illustration...
3. As can be seen in the...
4. As the diagrams suggest...
5. According to the...
6. Categorically speaking...
7. Getting back to the details...
8. Now, turning to the details...
9. The table data clearly shows that...
10. The diagram reveals that...
11. The data suggest that...
12. The graph gives the figure...
13. It is interesting to note that...
14. It is apparently seen that...
15. It is conspicuous that...
16. It is explicitly observed that...
17. It is obvious...
18. It is clear from the data...
19. It is worth noticing that...
20. It is crystal clear/ lucid that...
21. It can be clearly observed that...
22. It could be plainly viewed that...
23. It could be noticed that...
24. We can see that...

 Vocabulary to show the changes:

Examples:

1.  The overall sale of the company increased by 20% at the end of the year.

2.  The expenditure of the office remained constant for the last 6 months but the profit rose by almost 25%.

3.  There was a 15% drop in the ratio of student enrollment at this University.

4.  The population of the country remained almost the same as it was 2 years ago.

5.  The population of these two cities increase significantly in the last two decades and it is expected that it will remain stable during the next 5 years.

Tips:
1. Use 'improve' / 'an improvement' to describe a situation like economic condition or employment status. To denote numbers use other verbs/nouns like increase.

2. Do not use the same word/ phrase over and over again. In fact, you should not use a noun or verb form to describe a trend/change more than twice; once is better!

3. To achieve a high band score you need to use a variety of vocabulary as well as sentence formations.

Vocabulary to represent changes in graphs:

Example: 

1.  The economic inflation of the country increased sharply by 20% in 2008.

2.  There was a sharp drop in industrial production in the year 2009. 

3.  The demand for new houses dramatically increased in 2002.

4.  The population of the country dramatically increased in the last decade. 

5.  The price of oil moderately increased during the last quarter but as a consequence, the price of daily necessities rapidly went up.
 

 Vocabulary to represent frequent changes in graphs:

Example: 

1.  The price of the goods fluctuated during the first three months of 2017.

2.  The graph shows the oscillations of the price from 1998 to 2002.

3.  The passenger number in this station oscillates throughout the day and in the early morning and evening, it remains busy.

4.  The changes in car production in Japan shows a palpitation for the second quarter of the year. 

5.  The number of students in debate clubs fluctuated in different months of the year and rapid ups and downs could be observed in the last three months of this year.

Tips:
1. 4. DO NOT try to present every single piece of data presented in a graph. Rather pick 5-7 most significant and important trends/ changes and show their comparisons and contrasts.

2. The question asks you to write a report and summarise the data presented in graphs(s). This is why you need to show the comparisons, contrasts, show the highest and lowest points and the most striking features in your answer, not every piece of data presented in the diagram(s).

Types of Changes/ Differences and Vocabulary to present them: 

Great change / Huge difference:

Adjectives                           Adverbs

Overwhelming                   Overwhelmingly
Substantial                         Substantially
Enormous                          Enormously

Big change / Big difference:

Adjectives                           Adverbs

Significant                          Significantly
Considerable                     Considerably

Medium change / Moderate difference:

Adjectives                           Adverbs

Somewhat                           Somewhat
Moderate                             Moderately

Minor change / Small difference:

Adjectives                           Adverbs

Fractional                           Fractionally
Marginal                             Marginally
Slight                                 Slightly

Dates, Months & Years related vocabulary and grammar: 

» From 1990 to 2000, Commencing from 1980, Between 1995 and 2005, After 2012.
» By 1995, In 1998, In February, Over the period, During the period, During 2011.
» In the first half of the year, For the first quarter, The last quarter of the year, During the first decade.
» In the 80s, In the 1980s, During the next 6 months, In the mid-70s, Next 10 years, Previous year, Next year, Between 1980 - 1990.
» Within a time span of ten years, within five years.
» Next month, Next quarter, Next year, Previous month, Previous year.
» Since, Then, From.
 

Percentage, Portion and Numbers:

Percentages:
10% increase, 25 percent decrease, increased by 15%, dropped by 10 per cent, fall at 50%, reached to 75%, tripled, doubled, one-fourth, three-quarters, half, double fold, treble, 5 times higher, 3 timers lower, declined to about 49%, stood exactly at 43%.
 

Fractions:
4% = A tiny fraction.
24% = Almost a quarter.
25% Exactly a quarter.
26% = Roughly one quarter.
32% Nearly one-third, nearly a third.
49% = Around a half, just under a half.
50% Exactly a half.
51% = Just over a half.
73% = Nearly three quarters.
77% = Approximately three quarter, more than three-quarter.
79% = Well over three quarters.
 

Proportions: 
2% = A tiny portion, a very small proportion.
4% = An insignificant minority, an insignificant proportion.
16% = A small minority, a small portion.
70% = A large proportion.
72% = A significant majority, A significant proportion.89% = A very large proportion. 
89% = A very large proportion.