Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh: Câu điều kiện If

 Mệnh đề if gồm 4 loại, trong hôm nay chúng ta sẽ cùng xem qua và làm bài tập thực hành.

Loại 0

Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên.

a. Habit (Thói quen)

Ex: I usually walk to school if I have enough time.

b. Command (Mệnh Lệnh)

Ex:

If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me.
Please call me if you hear anything from Jane

Loại 1

Diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

Ex: If I have time, I will go

Loại 2

Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

Ex: I don’t win a lot of money, so I can’t spend most of it travelling round the world.
→ If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world.

Loại 3

Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ

Ex: I didn’t tell her any good news because I wasn’t here early.
→ If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news

Loại 4

Câu điều kiện pha trộn

Mẫu 1: loại 2 và loại 3

Ex: If I were him, I wouldn’t have got married to her.

Mẫu 2: loại 3 và loại 2

Ex: He isn’t a rich man now because he didn’t take my advice.
→ If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now.

Bài tập áp dụng

Hoàn thành những câu sau dùng cấu trúc mệnh đề if

1. “Would you mind if we ____ you by your first name?” – “Not at all. Please call me Tom.”
A. called B. call C. calling D. want to call
2. She can’t get home ____ she has no money.
A. unless B. if C. until D. without
3. If I had known your new address, we ____ to see you.
A. came B. will come C. would come D. would have come
4. If we took the 10:30 train, ____ too early.
A. we would arrive B. we should arrive C. we will arrive D. we may arrive
5. It’s very crowded here. I wish there ____ so many people.
A. aren’t B. weren’t C. haven’t been D. isn’t
6. I wouldn’t go there at night if I ____ you
A. am B. was C. were D. had been
7. If I ____ get a rode, I’ll go fishing.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
8. If they had enough time, they ____ head south.
A. will B. can C. must D. might
9. If you ____ a choice, which country would you visit?
A. have B. had C. have had D. will have
10. Trees won’t grow ____ there is enough water.
A. if B. when C. unless D. as
11. I have a test to take tomorrow morning. If I ____ free time, I ____ to Cuc Phuong National Park with you.
A. had – would go B. will have – will go C. have – will go D. had – went
12. Phong Nha Cave has been regarded by the British Cave Research Association as the top cave in the world ____ its four top records.
A. despite B. with C. due to D. because
13. ____ the decisive assistance of the villagers, we would not be able to facilitate the ecotour.
A. But B. Neither C. With D. Without
14. According to the weather forecast, it will be fine at the weekend. If the weather ____ fine, we ____ on camping at the weekend.
A. were – would go B. was – went C. is – will go D. will be – go
15. After lunch, we take a short talk to the elephant camp ____ you will enjoy an exciting elephant riding.
A. where B. what C. that D. when
16. You can climb up Mount McKinley, the highest peak in North America, to explore the rest of Denali National Park in Alaska, and view some ____ wildlife.
A. interested B. spectacular C. excited D. great
17. The vast wilderness of Alaska offers some unbelievable ecotourism opportunities, and one of the most ____ tourism industries in the USA.
A. sustainable B. natural C. safe D. environmental
18. Villagers can compete against the commercial fishing and timber companies who ____ the natural resources of the area, taking as much as they want.
A. deplete B. lower C. leave D. decrease
19. The Mekong Delta is an extraordinary place that ____ international tourists.
A. offers B. considers C. attracts D. persuades
20. The areas are very ____ for tourists who love to study and discover.
A. suitable B. available C. successful D. aware

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